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Overview
This interface allows you to configure cPHulk, a service that provides protection for your server against brute force attacks. A brute force attack is a hacking method that uses an automated system to guess the password to your web server or services.
Important:
- cPHulk's protection scheme includes the
root
account. We strongly recommend that you add your own IP address(es) to the Trusted IP List section to avoid lockouts of theroot
user account. - If you use the Courier mailserver, cPHulk will not protect POP3 or IMAP mail services against IP address-based brute force attacks. This happens because Courier does not log the IP addresses of failed POP3 and IMAP logins to cPHulkd.
- If you use the Dovecot or any other mailserver, cPHulk will protect POP3 and IMAP mail services against brute force attacks.
Note:
The cPHulk Brute Force Protection system does notaffect public key authentication to the server. If the cPHulk system locks an account or all accounts out of the server, you may still use public keys and access hashes to authenticate to your server.
When the cPHulk service blocks an IP address or account, it does not identify itself as the source of the block. Instead, the login page will display a 'The login is invalid.' warning message.
Configuration settings
To use cPHulk, perform the following steps:
- Click Enable.
- Click the Configuration Settings tab.
- Enter the number of minutes in which cPHulk measures an attacker's log in attempts in the IP Based Brute Force Protection Period in minutes text box. If an attacker at a specific IP address attempts to log in repeatedly, they will reach the defined number of login attempts within this configured time. cPHulk will consider this a brute force attempt, and will block the attacker's IP address.
- In this scenario, the system blocks only the potential attacker’s IP address, not all IP addresses.
- This value also represents the number of minutes that cPHulk will block the attacker’s IP address.
- Enter the number of minutes over which cPHulk measures all login attempts to a specific user's account in the Brute Force Protection Period in minutes text box. If several potential attackers attempt to log in and reach that account's defined number of login attempts within this configured time, regardless of IP address, cPHulk will consider this a brute force attempt. All IP addresses will no longer be able to log in to the cPanel user's account. In addition, cPHulk will lock the cPanel user's account.
- Enter the maximum number of failures that cPHulk will allow per account within the defined time windows (see above) in the Maximum Failures By Account text box.
- Under this setting, the system will lock the cPanel account, regardless of the IP address that the attacker or attackers use.
- This number also represents the number of minutes that cPHulk will lock the cPanel account.WarningUse caution when you set this limit, because this option blocks all attempts to use the account, which includes the actual account owner.
- Enter the maximum number of times that a potential attacker at a specific IP address may fail to log in before cPHulk locks out that IP address.
- Enter the failure limit before the system blocks the IP address for a two week period in the fifth text box.
- Select the checkboxes to determine:
- Whether you wish to receive a notification when root successfully logs in from an IP address that is not white listed.
- Whether to extend lockout time for each additional failure past the limit.
- Whether you will receive notifications when cPHulk detects a brute force attack.
- Click Save.
Note
By default, your server sets UseDNS to
enabled
in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config
file. UseDNS sends the hostname to the Password Authentication Module (PAM) for SSH session authentication. cPHulk also requests authentication information from PAM when it determines whether a login attempt is a brute force attack. If an attacker spoofs a DNS pointer record to impersonate a trusted hostname, UseDNS and cPHulk’s Trusted IPsList feature will have a conflict. This allows the attacker to brute force attack the server with an unlimited number of log in attempts. Therefore, the system disables UseDNS when you enable cPHulk. Examples of cPHulk settings
This table contains the settings that cPHulk will use in the following scenarios:
Setting | Value |
---|---|
IP Based Brute Force Protection Period in minutes | 15 |
Brute Force Protection Period in minutes | 5 |
Maximum Failures By Account | 5 |
Maximum Failures Per IP | 10 |
Maximum Failures Per IP before IP is blocked for two week period | 30 |
Scenario | cPHulk's response |
---|---|
A user at the 10.10.10.10 IP address makes an attempt to log in to your server with the username account. | None |
A user at the 10.10.10.10 IP address makes five attempts to log in to your server with the username account within five minutes. | username account locked for five minutes |
A user at the 10.10.10.10 IP address makes five attempts to log in to your server with the username account within 20 minutes. | None |
A user at the 10.10.10.10 IP address makes 10 attempts to log in to your server with the username account within 15 minutes. | 10.10.10.10 blocked for 15 minutes |
A user at the 10.10.10.10 IP address makes 30 attempts to log in to your server with the username account within 10 minutes. | 10.10.10.10 blocked for two weeks |
Users at various IP addresses make five attempts to log in to the username account within five minutes. | username account locked for five minutes |
Users at various IP addresses make five attempts to log in to various accounts within five minutes. | None |
A user at the 10.10.10.10 IP address makes five attempts to log in to various accounts within five minutes. | None |
A user at the 10.10.10.10 IP address makes 10 attempts to log in to various accounts within five minutes. | 10.10.10.10 blocked or 15 minutes |
A user at the 10.10.10.10 IP address makes 30 attempts to log in to various accounts within five minutes | 10.10.10.10 blocked for two weeks |
White/black list management
cPHulk also provides a trusted IPs list (white list) and rejected IPs list (black list). The Trusted IP List specifies IP addresses for which cPHulk will never prevent logins to your server. The Rejected IP List specifies IP addresses for which cPHulk will always prevent logins to your server.
Important:
The
root
account is included in cPHulk's protection scheme. We strongly advise you to add your own IP address(es) to the Trusted IP List section to avoid lockouts of the root
user account.To quickly add an IP address to the white list or black list, perform the following steps:
- Select the White/Black List Management tab.
- Enter the IP address in the Entry text box under the appropriate list.
- Click Quick Add to the right of the entry.
To edit the white list or black list, perform the following steps:
- Select the White/Black List Management tab.
- Click Edit Whitelist or Edit Blacklist.
- Edit the IP addresses in the text box.
- Click save.
Note
To manage whitelists in the command line, execute the
/scripts/cphulkdwhitelist
script. The results will resemble the following:Login/Brute history report
cPHulk stores failed login attempts in the
cphulkd
database This is useful when you wish to select problematic IP addresses to block from your server entirely. The interface displays this information in two sections under the Login/Brute History Report tab:
- Failed Logins
- Brutes (Excessive Login Failures)
Failed Logins
The following table contains the information that the Failed Logins section displays.
Column | Description |
---|---|
User | The user who attempted to log in to your server. |
IP | The IP address from which the user attempted to log in to your server. Note: The system populates this field when it records an IP address. However, it is normal for this field not to contain any information. |
Authentication Service | The service on your server to which the user attempted to log in. For example:
Note:
|
Login Time | The time, in military format, that the user attempted to log in to your server. |
The system may store these login attempts if, for example, a cPanel user enters his or her password incorrectly.
Brutes (Excessive Login Failures)
The following table contains the information that the Brutes (Excessive Login Failures) section displays.
Column | Description |
---|---|
IP | The IP address that has attempted to log in to your server multiple times. |
Notes | Information about the IP address that has attempted to log in to your server multiple times. Note: The system populates this field when it records an IP address. However, it is normal for this field not to contain any information. |
Begin | The time, in military format, that the login attempts began. |
Expiration | The time, in military format, that the login requests will time out. |
Important:
Monitor both of these lists to find IP addresses and accounts that you may need to block.
cPHulk stores its logs in the following files:
![Brute force download for mac Brute force download for mac](http://i1-win.softpedia-static.com/screenshots/Remote-MySQL-Password-Finder_1.png)
You may also need to occasionally clear the database in order to conserve system resources, or to allow a user who forgot their password back into an account. To clear the database, click Flush DB.
Note:
Flush DB does not clear the whitelists or blacklists.
How to release a lockout
If cPHulk locks you out of your cPanel, the
/scripts2/doautofixer?autofix=disable_cphulkd
script in WHM can disable cPHulk to allow you to log in.For example, log in to WHM and navigate to
https://www.example.com:2087/scripts2/doautofixer?autofix=disable_cphulkd
, where www.example.com
is your server's hostname.How to disable cPHulk via the command line
To disable cPHulk via the command line, run the following commands as the
root
user via SSH:To disable cPHulk to keep it offline, even after a restart of cPanel & WHM, remove the cPHulk touch file with the following command:
Use the
ps aux | grep -i cphulk
command to check cPHulk's status: